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2(5H)-furanone

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name 2(5H)-furanone
Trivial Name 2(5H)-Furanone
Short Description 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone
Formula C4 H4 O2
CAS Number 497-23-4
FEMA Number 4138
ECHA Number 207-839-3
FDA UNII 8KXK25H388
Nikkaji Number J82.323F
Beilstein Number 0383585
MDL MFCD00005376
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 2000 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 497-23-4 ; 4-HYDROXY-2-BUTENOIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE
Synonyms
  • 2-buten-1,4-olide
  • 2-buten-4-olide
  • 2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone
  • 2-butenolide
  • delta,alpha,beta- butenolide
  • gamma- crotolactone
  • alpha,beta- crotonolactone
  • gamma- crotonolactone
  • iso crotonolactone
  • 2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran
  • 5H- furan-2-one
  • furan-2(5H)-one
  • furan-2(5H)-one; 2-Buten-1,4-olide
  • 2[5H]- furanone
  • 5-hydrofuran-2-one
  • 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone
  • 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid lactone
  • 4-hydroxycrotonic acid gamma-lactone
  • gamma- hydroxycrotonic acid lactone
  • 5H-furan-2-one
  • Crotonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, γ-lactone
  • γ-Hydroxycrotonic acid lactone
  • Isocrotonolactone
  • 4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid γ-lactone
  • γ-Crotonolactone
  • 2-Butenoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, γ-lactone
  • Δα,β-Butenolide
  • 4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid lactone
  • 2-Buten-4-olide
  • 2-Oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran
  • α,β-Crotonolactone
  • γ-Crotolactone
  • Cratone
  • 2,5-Dihydrofuranone
  • 5-Oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl ester
  • NSC 197009
  • NSC 51296
  • 2H-Furan-5-one

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C17601
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB32330
FooDB:FDB009600
Export Tariff Code:2932.29.5050
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:Read Report
FAO:4-Hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 84.074279785156
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 9.835 to 9.885
Refractive Index 1.466 to 1.472 @ 20 °C
Melting Point 4 to 5°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 86 to 87°C @ 12 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.273 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 101.11 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -0.6
Shelf life 12 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Refrigerate in tightly sealed containers.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 4.178e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Buttery
buttery
General comment Buttery

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for 2(5H)-furanone usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.01 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: III
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 22
Click here to view publication 22
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): --
beverages(alcoholic): 3.500005.00000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: 3.800005.00000
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 3.8700014.99000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 1.000002.38000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 1.00000150.50000
Processed fruit (04.1): --
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): 0.550000.90000
Confectionery (05.0): 7.6400021.05000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 5.3300014.99000
Bakery wares (07.0): 4.0800015.06000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 0.008002.13000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): --
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): 1.200005.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): --
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 1.900005.41000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 0.081003.10000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 0.050000.27000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

List of apha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones representative of FGE.19 substances for Genotoxicity Testing [1] - Statement of the Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 217: alpha,beta-Unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones[1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217, Revision 1 (FGE.217Rev1). Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217 Revision 2 (FGE.217Rev2), consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: lactones
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :10341
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
5H-furan-2-one
Chemidplus:0000497234
RTECS:LU3453000 for cas# 497-23-4