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gamma-aminobutyric acid

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name gamma-aminobutyric acid
Trivial Name γ-Aminobutyric acid
Short Description 4-aminobutyric acid
Formula C4 H9 N O2
CAS Number 56-12-2
Deleted CAS Number 3131-86-0
FEMA Number 4288
Flavis Number 17.035
ECHA Number 200-258-6
FDA UNII 2ACZ6IPC6I
Nikkaji Number J1.375G
Beilstein Number 0906818
MDL MFCD00008226
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1771 4-aminobutyric acid
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 56-12-2 ; 4-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
Synonyms
  • 4-amino butyric acid
  • gamma- amino butyric acid
  • gamma- amino butyric acid natural
  • 4-amino-butanoic acid
  • 4-amino-butyric acid
  • g- amino-N-butyric acid
  • gamma- amino-N-butyric acid
  • 4-aminobutanoic acid
  • gamma- aminobutanoic acid
  • 4-aminobutyric acid
  • g- aminobutyric acid
  • gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  • butanoic acid, 4-amino-
  • 3-carboxypropylamine
  • GABA
  • GABA gamma amino butyric acid
  • gaballon
  • gamarex
  • piperidic acid
  • piperidinic acid
  • 4-aminobutanoic acid
  • Butyric acid, 4-amino-
  • γ-Aminobutyric acid
  • 4-Aminobutyric acid
  • Gammalon
  • Gammalone
  • Gammasol
  • Mielogen
  • Mielomade
  • Gammar
  • γ-Aminobutanoic acid
  • Aminalon
  • ω-Aminobutyric acid
  • 3-Carboxypropylamine
  • NSC 27418
  • NSC 32044
  • NSC 45460
  • NSC 51295
  • Pharmagaba
  • Pharmagaba 20
  • Pharmagaba 20D
  • Pharma-GABA 20S
  • Oryza GABA Extract HC 90
  • Pharma GABA 30L
  • Lacto Gaban
  • 1: PN: TWI669392 SEQID: 1 claimed sequence
  • MeSH ID: D005680

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00334
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00112
FooDB:FDB008937
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00335
Export Tariff Code:2922.49.4950
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 103.12113189697
Melting Point 200 to 201°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 248 to 249°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.008 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 103.33 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -3.17
Shelf life 12 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
water, 1.30E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes
alcohol No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Meaty
savory, meaty
General comment At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. savory meaty

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Other purposes Additives, Hair conditioning
Cosmetic purposes Hair conditioning

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-mouse LD50 12680 mg/kg
Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 85, Pg. 463, 1965.

intravenous-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
United States Patent Document. Vol. #3380887

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 5400 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. Vol. 13, Pg. 70, 1965.

intravenous-rabbit LDLo 2400 mg/kg
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. Vol. 13, Pg. 70, 1965.

intravenous-mouse LD50 2748 mg/kg
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 145, Pg. 233, 1963.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 4950 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. Vol. 13, Pg. 70, 1965.

intravenous-cat LD50 5000 mg/kg
Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 47, Pg. 205, 1984.

unreported-mouse LD50 7230 mg/kg
Bitamin. Vol. 25, Pg. 297, 1962.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 9210 mg/kg
Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 85, Pg. 463, 1965.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
cosmetic and flavor agents
Recommendation for gamma-aminobutyric acid usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.12 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.10 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 18000 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 23
Click here to view publication 23
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: 50.00000300.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 20.00000100.00000
beverages(alcoholic): 30.00000200.00000
breakfast cereal: 30.00000100.00000
cheese: --
chewing gum: 100.00000500.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: 30.00000100.00000
egg products: --
fats / oils: 30.00000100.00000
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: 20.00000100.00000
gelatins / puddings: 20.00000100.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 40.00000300.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: 20.00000100.00000
jams / jellies: --
meat products: 20.00000200.00000
milk products: 30.00000100.00000
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: 10.00000100.00000
soft candy: 20.00000200.00000
soups: 30.00000200.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 30.00000100.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 30.00000100.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 20.00000100.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): --
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): 30.00000100.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 30.00000100.00000
Bakery wares (07.0): 50.00000300.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 20.00000200.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): --
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): --
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): 30.00000200.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 30.00000200.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 40.00000300.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 20.00000100.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): 30.00000100.00000

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 94: Consideration of aliphatic amines and amides evaluated in addendum to the JECFA group aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides by JECFA
View page or View pdf

(FGE.94Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic amines and amides evaluated in an addendum to the group of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by the JECFA (68th meeting)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 94, Revision 2 (FGE.94Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic amines and amides evaluated in an addendum to the group of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by the JECFA (68th meeting)
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):56-12-2
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :119
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
4-aminobutanoic acid
Chemidplus:0000056122
RTECS:ES6300000 for cas# 56-12-2