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diethyl malate

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name diethyl malate
Trivial Name Diethyl malate
Short Description malic acid, diethyl ester
Formula C8 H14 O5
CAS Number 7554-12-3
Deleted CAS Number 626-11-9
FEMA Number 2374
Flavis Number 9.439
ECHA Number 231-444-5
FDA UNII 59W97T99HI
Nikkaji Number J44.123F
MDL MFCD00048556
COE Number 382
xLogP3-AA 0.10 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 620 diethyl malate
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 7554-12-3 ; DIETHYL MALATE
Synonyms
  • butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, diethyl ester
  • butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, diethyl ester
  • butanedioic acid, hydroxy-, diethyl ester, (±)-
  • diethyl 2-hydroxy-1,4-butane dioate
  • diethyl 2-hydroxybutanedioate
  • diethyl DL-malate
  • diethyl hydroxybutane dioate
  • diethyl hydroxybutanedioate
  • diethyl-2-hydroxybutandioat
  • ethyl malate
  • hydroxybutane dioic acid diethyl ester
  • malic acid diethyl ester
  • malic acid, diethyl ester
  • Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 1,4-diethyl ester
  • (±)-Diethyl malate
  • Diethyl 2-hydroxysuccinate
  • 1,4-Diethyl 2-hydroxybutanedioate

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

diethyl 2-hydroxybutanedioate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:7554-12-3
Pubchem (cid):24197
Pubchem (sid):135059507
Flavornet:7554-12-3
Pherobase:View
Publications by PubMed
Investigation for antimicrobial resistance modulating activity of diethyl malate and 1-methyl malate against beta-lactamase class A from Bacillus licheniformis by molecular dynamics, in vitro and in vivo studies.
Role of glutathione in lung retention of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in two unique rat models of hyperoxic lung injury.
Effectiveness of high-throughput miniaturized sorbent- and solid phase microextraction techniques combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for a rapid screening of volatile and semi-volatile composition of wines--a comparative study.
Acidic sphingomyelinase induced by electrophiles promotes proinflammatory cytokine production in human bladder carcinoma ECV-304 cells.
Acute depletion of reduced glutathione causes extensive carbonylation of rat brain proteins.
Cadmium-induced astroglial death proceeds via glutathione depletion.
Na-K-ATPase in rat cerebellar granule cells is redox sensitive.
Transcriptional regulation of thioredoxin reductase 1 expression by cadmium in vascular endothelial cells: role of NF-E2-related factor-2.
Altered differentiation in rat and rabbit limb bud micromass cultures by glutathione modulating agents.
Mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase inhibits the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria by suppressing the peroxidation of cardiolipin in hypoglycaemia-induced apoptosis.
Mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase suppresses apoptosis mediated by a mitochondrial death pathway.
Determination of 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid produced in rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3 by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.
Suppression of leukotriene formation in RBL-2H3 cells that overexpressed phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.
Mechanisms involved in aggravation of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in adrenalectomized rats.
Glutathione protects against exogenous oxidant injury to rabbit renal proximal tubules.
Association of substrates with alpha-chymotrypsin, diethyl alpha-acetoxysuccinate, and diethyl malate.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
UM BBD:Search
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB40220
FooDB:FDB029757
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
FAO:Diethyl malate

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 190.1955871582
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 9.32 to 9.386
Refractive Index 1.436 to 1.446 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 91 to 92°C @ 1 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.00041 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 85 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 0.3 est
Solubility
alcohol Yes
oils Yes
water Yes
water, 2.137e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Caramellic
caramellic, sugar brown sugar, sweet, winey, fruity, herbal
General comment At 100.00 %. brown sugar sweet wine fruity herbal

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Flavoring purposes Apple, Fig, Gooseberry, Mango, Plum, Raisin, Wine
Cosmetic purposes Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents and cosmetic fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for diethyl malate usage levels up to:
0.1000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 3.70 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -44.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -5.50000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -6.50000
fruit ices: -6.50000
gelatins / puddings: -1.50000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -18.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):7554-12-3
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :24197
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
diethyl 2-hydroxybutanedioate
Chemidplus:0007554123