We have found
46589
results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate is a water-soluble nucleotide salt used as a flavor enhancer with savory, umami taste properties in various food products.
General Material Description
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate is a nucleotide salt consisting of the adenosine 5'-monophosphate ion paired with two sodium ions, rendering it highly water soluble. This compound manifests as a white to light beige powder and is known for its distinct savory, umami taste, contributing significantly to flavor enhancement in food products. It is also referred to by synonyms such as adenosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt, disodium AMP, and disodium adenylate. Classified chemically as C10H12N5Na2O7P, it is indexed under PubChem (CID: 20712) and is primarily obtained through biochemical synthesis or extraction from natural nucleotide-rich sources. Its application in the food industry facilitates enhanced taste profiles, particularly in savory formulations.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate naturally occurs in biological systems as part of nucleotide metabolism and RNA structure. In food technology, it serves primarily as a flavor enhancer and flavoring agent, credited with intensifying savory and umami notes. Its effectiveness is frequently utilized alongside other nucleotides such as inosine monophosphate to produce synergistic taste effects. The compound has been evaluated under FEMA (US) standards, where it holds the designation FEMA 4224, confirming its acceptance as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) flavoring substance. Its use spans multiple food categories including baked goods, beverages, cheese, meat products, and snacks, with recommended usage levels closely monitored to maintain flavor integrity without overpowering the formulation.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate exhibits high aqueous solubility, exceeding one million milligrams per liter at 25 °C, which facilitates its incorporation into diverse aqueous food matrices. The compound’s molecular weight is approximately 391.19 g/mol, featuring a nucleotide structure with phosphate groups that confer polarity and ionic character. These physicochemical attributes influence its stability and interaction within formulations, often favoring liquid and semi-solid food products. The presence of disodium salts enhances its ionic strength and solubility profile compared to free acid forms. Its thermal stability corresponds with typical nucleotide compounds, though precise decomposition temperatures require consideration during processing.
FAQ
What is disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate and what are its key characteristics?
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate is a nucleotide-derived compound used mainly as a flavor enhancer. It appears as a white powder and offers a characteristic savory, umami taste that improves food flavor profiles. Chemically, it consists of an adenosine 5'-monophosphate moiety bound to two sodium ions, increasing water solubility. Its molecular formula is C10H12N5Na2O7P and it is commonly listed under identifiers like CAS 4578-31-8.
How is disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate used and where does it occur?
The compound is found naturally in biological systems as a nucleotide and is utilized commercially as a flavor enhancer in foods. It is incorporated into a range of products including baked goods, beverages, cheeses, and meat items to provide or intensify savory umami flavors. It functions effectively in combination with other flavor enhancers such as inosine monophosphate. Its excellent solubility in water allows easy blending into various aqueous and semi-solid food matrices.
What regulations and safety considerations apply to disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate?
Disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate is recognized by FEMA (US) under number 4224 as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) flavoring substance for specified use levels across many food categories. Safety data indicate no classified hazards under OSHA standards. Usage recommendations specify maximum ppm levels depending on the food type, ensuring consumer safety and effective flavor enhancement. The compound's safety assessments and regulatory compliance can be verified via resources such as the FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library and ECHA’s chemical databases.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C18344 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate |
| Trivial Name | Adenosine 5′-monophosphate disodium |
| Short Description | adenosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt |
| Formula | C10 H12 N5 Na2 O7 P |
| CAS Number | 4578-31-8 |
| FEMA Number | 4224 |
| ECHA Number | 224-961-2 |
| FDA UNII | T1WZ11DSRN |
| Nikkaji Number | J86.656C |
| Beilstein Number | 3586732 |
| MDL | MFCD00065023 |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
| BOC Sciences | Carbosynth |
| EMD Millipore | Glentham Life Sciences |
| Matrix Scientific | Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma |
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 391.18835449219 |
| Solubility | |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Flavor Type: Savory | |
| savory, umami | |
| General comment | Savory umami |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor enhancers, flavoring agents | |||
| Recommendation for disodium adenosine 5'-phosphate usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 22 | |||
| Click here to view publication 22 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| cheese: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| chewing gum: | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| frozen dairy: | - | - | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| hard candy: | - | - | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | 500.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| other grains: | 300.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| poultry: | 500.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| seasonings / flavors: | 400.00000 | 900.00000 | |
| snack foods: | 400.00000 | 900.00000 | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | 400.00000 | 800.00000 | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :20712 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| disodium;[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate |
| Chemidplus:0004578318 |
| RTECS:AU7481600 for cas# 4578-31-8 |