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(R)-muscone

(R)-muscone is a key fragrance compound with a strong musk odor, used primarily to impart warm, animalic notes in fine perfumes.

General Material Description

(R)-muscone, known chemically as (3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one, is a macrocyclic ketone with the molecular formula C16H30O. It appears as a colorless to pale liquid distinguished by a powerful and rich musk odor, exhibiting strong substantivity at 100% concentration. This compound is a prominent musk fragrance ingredient appreciated for its warm, soft, and animalic tonalities. Synonyms include cyclopentadecanone, 3-methyl-, (3R)- and muscone laevo, among others. It is primarily sourced via synthetic routes designed to replicate the odor profile of natural musks, offering a sustainable alternative. For detailed chemical data and structure, see its PubChem record.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

(R)-muscone naturally occurs as a key ingredient in natural musk obtained from the musk deer, but the compound used in commercial applications is typically synthesized. It is extensively used in the perfume industry as a fragrance agent to provide warm and elegant musky aroma profiles with high substantivity. The compound enhances lift and diffusion in fine fragrance formulations, adding a soft animalic note. It is registered under IFRA (Global) standards, which regulate usage levels to ensure safety and compliance in fragrances worldwide. Applications include fine fragrances primarily, with defined permissible concentrations to maintain formulation integrity and regulatory adherence.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

(R)-muscone is a macrocyclic ketone exhibiting limited water solubility (~0.22 mg/L at 25 °C) but good solubility in alcohol solvents, facilitating its incorporation into alcohol-based perfumes. Its molecular weight of approximately 238.41 g/mol and estimated logP of 6.20 indicates significant lipophilicity. These properties contribute to its strong substantivity and slow evaporation rate, which enhance its lasting impact in formulations. Stability profiles suggest low volatility and compatibility with varied fragrance bases, including detergents and shampoos at low concentrations. Its physical state and odor potency dictate recommendation for use at low solution strengths to fully harness its musky character without overpowering blends.

FAQ

What is (R)-muscone and what are its main characteristics?
(R)-muscone is a synthetic macrocyclic ketone used as a potent musk fragrance compound. Chemically identified as (3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one, it exhibits a strong, rich musk odor with warm and animalic notes. The molecule has the formula C16H30O and is notable for its high substantivity in perfumes, often enhancing scent lift and diffusion. It is highly valued in fine fragrances and considered the principal compound mimicking natural musk scent.
How is (R)-muscone typically used and where does it occur?
(R)-muscone is predominantly used in the fragrance industry to impart musk odor to perfumes and cosmetic formulations. It is generally synthesized to replicate natural musk extracted from musk deer, thus avoiding animal sources. Applications focus on fine fragrances with usage levels regulated by IFRA (Global) standards to ensure safety. It is incorporated in alcohol-based solutions due to its solubility and employed at low concentrations, typically around 0.1%, to produce desired olfactory effects.
What safety and regulatory considerations apply to (R)-muscone?
(R)-muscone is classified under fragrance materials without specific hazard or precautionary statements as per OSHA HCS standards. It is not approved for flavor use and is predominantly restricted to fragrance applications. Safety assessments by RIFM and regulations by IFRA (Global) set recommended usage levels to manage potential allergenic or sensitizing effects. Comprehensive toxicological data are available through sources such as EPA ACToR and PubChem. Users should refer to IFRA guidelines when formulating with this compound to maintain regulatory compliance.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

Leffingwell:Chirality or Article
(3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):7160826
Pubchem (sid):223369263
Publications by Info
Muscone

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

General Material Information

Preferred name (R)-muscone
Trivial Name (3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one
Short Description cyclopentadecanone, 3-methyl-, (3R)-
Formula C16 H30 O
CAS Number 10403-00-6
FDA UNII UPS3C6CV36
Nikkaji Number J276.713I
MDL MFCD07780759
xLogP3-AA 6.20 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
Synonyms
  • cyclopentadecanone, 3-methyl-, (3R)-
  • (3R)-(-)-3-methyl cyclopentadecanone
  • (3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one
  • (-)-(3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecanone
  • (-)-3-methylcyclopentadecanone
  • (R)-(-)- muscone
  • muscone laevo (Firmenich)

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 238.41430664062
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 0.2213 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
Stability
APC: - Unspecified
candle: traces - 0.5% Unspecified
detergent: traces - 0.5% Unspecified
fine fragrances: 0.1 - 2% Unspecified
shampoo: traces - 0.5% Unspecified
shower gel: traces - 0.5% Unspecified
soap: traces - 0.5% Unspecified
softener: traces - 0.5% Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Musk
musk, animal, powdery
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 0.10 % solution or less
Substantivity 336 hour(s) at 100.00 %
General comment At 0.10 % in dipropylene glycol. powerful musky rich musk
MUSCONE LAEVO can be used to give elegant, warm animalic notes and adds lift and diffusion to any fragrance. Refined to perfection, this soft musk calls to mind a sweet and elegant ribbon of warm and animalic tonalities

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for (R)-muscone flavor usage levels up to:
not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7160826
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
(3R)-3-methylcyclopentadecan-1-one
Chemidplus:0010403006