| Preferred name | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline |
| Trivial Name | 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)ethanone |
| Short Description | ethanone, 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)- |
| Formula | C6 H9 N O |
| CAS Number | 85213-22-5 |
| CAS Number | 99583-29-6 |
| FEMA Number | 4249 |
| Flavis Number | 14.08 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Nikkaji Number | J487.706C |
| COE Number | 1408 |
| xLogP3-AA | -0.40 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 99583-29-6 ; 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE |
| Synonyms |
|
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
| 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)ethanone | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 522834 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135324461 |
| Pherobase: | View |
| 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 15801179 |
| Pubchem (cas): | 99583-29-6 |
| Pherobase: | View |
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB003130 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01451 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 111.14392852783 |
| Boiling Point | 182 to 183°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.793 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 66.11 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | -0.019 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water | Yes |
| water, 4103 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| Odor Type: Popcorn | |
| popcorn, toasted, grain, malty | |
| General comment | At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. popcorn toasted grain malty |
| (data available) |
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Fruit, Popcorn |
| Flavoring purposes | Cereal, Cheese, Dairy, Fish |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Category: | |||
| flavoring agents | |||
| Recommendation for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.10 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 340 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | II | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 22. Update in publication number(s): 29 | |||
| Click here to view publication 22 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 0.01000 | 0.10000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | 0.01000 | 0.10000 | |
| cheese: | 0.00200 | 0.02000 | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.01000 | 0.20000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | 0.01000 | 0.10000 | |
| egg products: | 0.00500 | 0.05000 | |
| fats / oils: | 0.00200 | 0.10000 | |
| fish products: | 0.00500 | 0.10000 | |
| frozen dairy: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | 0.00500 | 0.10000 | |
| hard candy: | 0.00400 | 0.04000 | |
| imitation dairy: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| instant coffee / tea: | 0.01000 | 0.10000 | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | 0.00500 | 0.10000 | |
| milk products: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| nut products: | 0.00200 | 0.02000 | |
| other grains: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| poultry: | 0.01000 | 0.10000 | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | 0.00500 | 0.10000 | |
| snack foods: | 0.00500 | 0.10000 | |
| soft candy: | 0.00200 | 0.02000 | |
| soups: | 0.00100 | 0.01000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). | |||
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. | |||
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg | ||
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - | |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - | |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - | |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - | |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - | |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, (FGE.86)[1] - Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives - Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 1 (FGE.86Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 2 (FGE.86Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and arylalkyl amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
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| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :522834 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)ethanone |
| 1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone |
| Chemidplus:0099583296 |