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ethanol
Ethanol is a volatile, clear alcohol (C2H6O) with a medium alcoholic odor, used primarily as a solvent and flavor carrier in various applications.
General Material Description
Ethanol, also known by names such as ethyl alcohol, alcohol, absolute, or 1-hydroxyethane, is a clear, volatile liquid characterized by its molecular formula C2H6O and a molecular weight of approximately 46.07 g/mol. Its sensory profile includes a medium-strength alcoholic odor with floral and fruity notes reminiscent of ripe apples. This alcohol is widely found naturally in diverse plants including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It serves as a fundamental compound in organic chemistry and is available commercially in various purity grades, including USP and absolute forms. The linked controlled vocabulary for ethanol is available at PubChem. Ethanol is typically produced via fermentation processes or industrial synthesis for use in numerous applications.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Ethanol occurs naturally in various plant sources such as apples, citrus fruits including lemon, lime, mandarin, and orange, as well as vegetables like broccoli, carrot, and tomato. It is present in fruits like fig, guava, peach, pineapple, plum, and raspberry, among others. The compound functions primarily as a carrier solvent and diluent in flavor and fragrance formulations due to its solvency and volatility. Additionally, it is employed as an extraction solvent in diverse applications. The regulation of ethanol in flavorings and food products is governed by standards such as FEMA (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association) in the United States, which evaluates its usage levels and safety profiles.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Ethanol is a low molecular weight alcohol with notable volatility, boiling at 78 to 79°C under standard atmospheric pressure. It exhibits a specific gravity around 0.77 at 25°C and a refractive index between 1.31 and 1.36. The vapor pressure at 20°C is measured at approximately 44.6 mm Hg, contributing to its rapid evaporation in formulations. Its solubility in water is high, facilitating its role as a universal solvent. The compound has a flash point around 49°F (9°C), indicating significant flammability. Its log P value of about -0.19 reflects moderate hydrophilicity, relevant for its partitioning behavior in mixtures. These physicochemical properties influence its function as an effective solvent and carrier in diverse product formulations.
FAQ
What is ethanol and how is it commonly identified?
Ethanol is a basic alcohol with the molecular formula C2H6O, characterized as a clear, volatile liquid with a medium-strength alcoholic odor. It is commonly known as ethyl alcohol and referred to by synonyms such as absolute alcohol, grain alcohol, or 1-hydroxyethane. It is widely used as a solvent and flavor carrier and is naturally present in various plants and fruits. Ethanol is identified by identifiers like CAS number 64-17-5 and FEMA number 2419.
Where does ethanol occur naturally and what are its main uses?
Ethanol is naturally found in a broad variety of plants including fruits like apples, citrus species, fig, guava, and peach, as well as vegetables such as broccoli, carrot, and tomato. Its main application is as a carrier solvent and diluent in flavor and fragrance formulations, owing to its excellent solvency and volatility. It is also used as an extraction solvent. These roles make ethanol a critical component in food flavoring and industrial products.
How is ethanol regulated and what safety considerations apply?
Ethanol's use in flavorings and food products is regulated by organizations like FEMA in the United States, which sets generally recognized as safe (GRAS) usage levels for various food categories. Safety information notes its highly flammable nature and potential irritancy to eyes, respiratory system, and skin, requiring appropriate handling precautions. International standards including REACH (EU) also govern ethanol's registration and safe use. Users are advised to observe hazard statements and follow safe storage and handling practices.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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Literature & References
| ethanol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 64-17-5 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 702 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134971966 |
| Flavornet: | 64-17-5 |
| Pherobase: | View |
| Publications by Info | |
| Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) | |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00469 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB00108 |
| FooDB: | FDB000753 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB00883 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2905.19.0060 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •grades: usp (95% by vol); absolute; pure; completely denatured; specially denatured; industrial, various proofs . •materials containing alcohol: apple distillate k 2032410; arnica distillate 2378370; birch distillate 2384280; chamomille distillate 2380930; linden blossom distillate 2382920 •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: four gal of methyl alcohol and one gal of methyl isobutyl ketone; or four gal methyl alcohol and 18 avoirdupois oz denatonium benzoate, nf •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one-half gal benzene or one-half gal rubber hydrocarbon solvent. •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: thirty-three pounds, or more, metallic sodium and either one-half gal benzene or one-half gal rubber hydrocarbon solvent •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: five gal methyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of pine tar nf •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of the following solution: five gal of an aq soln containing 40% nicotine; and 3.6 avoirdupois oz of methylene blue, nf; water sufficient to make 100 gal •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: five gal of benzene •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten gal of ethyl ether •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: five-hundredths gal of bone oil (dipple's oil) •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one hundred gal of ethyl ether •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten gal of formaldehyde soln (usp) •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten gal of acetone, nf •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: three pounds of salicyclic acid, usp, one pound resorcin, usp, and 1 gal bergamont oil, nf, or bay oil, nf •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: eight gal of acetone, nf and 1.5 gal of methyl isobutyl ketone •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: twenty pounds of iodine, usp and 15 pounds of either potassium or sodium iodide usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: a soln composed of 20 pounds of iodine usp, 15 pounds of potassium or sodium iodide usp and 15 pounds of water. •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of rosemary oil, nf and 30 lb of camphor, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: thirty-five lb of camphor, usp and 1 gal of clove oil, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of lavender oil, usp and 100 lb of medicinal soft soap, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten gal of methyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one hundred lb of glycerol, usp and 20 lb of hard soap, nf •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: thirty lb of methyl violet, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 29.75 gal of ethyl acetate having an ester content of 100% by wt or the equivalent thereof not to exceed 35 gal of ethyl acetate with an ester content of not less than 85% by wt •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 4.25 gal of ethyl acetate having an ester content of 100% by wt or the equivalent thereof not to exceed 5 gal of ethyl acetate with an ester content of not less than 85% by wt •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 3 gal of ammonia, aq, 27 to 30% by wt: three gal of strong ammonia soln, usp: 17.5 lb of caustic soda, liq grade, containing 50% sodium hydroxide by wt: or 12.0 lb of caustic soda, liq grade, containing 73% sodium hydroxide by wt. •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 45 fluid oz of eucalyptol, usp, 30 avoirdupois oz of thymol, nf and 20 avoirdupois oz of mentol, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten lb of any one or a total of 10 lb of two or more of the oils and substances listed below: anethole, usp; anise oil, usp; bay oil (myrcia oil), nf; benzaldehyde, nf; bergamot oil, nf; bitter almond oil, nf; camphor, usp; cedar leaf oil, usp, xiii; chlorothymol, nf; cinnamic aldehyde, nf, ix; cinnamon oil (cassia oil), usp; citronella oil, natural; clove oil, usp; coal tar, usp; eucalyptol, usp; eucalyptus oil, nf; eugenol, usp; guaiacol, nf; lavender oil, usp; menthol, usp; mustard oil, volatile (allyl isothiocyanate), usp, xii; peppermint oil, usp; phenol, usp; phenyl salicylate (salol), nf; pine oil, nf; pine needle oil, dwarf, nf; rosemary oil, nf; safrol; sassafras oil, nf; spearmint oil, nf; spearmint oil, terpeneless; spike lavender oil, natural; storax, usp; thyme oil, nf; thymol, nf; tolu balsam, usp; turpentine oil, nf; wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 10 lb of menthol, usp and 1.25 gal of formaldehyde soln, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: two and one-half lb of menthol, usp and 2.5 gal of formaldehyde soln, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: (1) six lb of boric acid, usp, 1 and 13 lb thymol, nf, 1 and 13 lb chlorothymol, nf and 1 and 13 lb menthol, usp; or (2) seven lb of boric acid, usp, and a total of 3 lb of any two or more denaturing materials listed under sda no 38-b •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: nine lb of sodium salicylate or salicylic acid, usp, 1.25 gal fluid extract of quassia, nf, vii and 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: sixty avoirdupois oz of any one of the following alkaloids or salts together with 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol: quinine, nf; quinine bisulfate, nf; quinine hydrochloride, usp; cinchonidine; cinchonidine sulfate, nf, ix •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: two and 12 gal of diethylphthalate and 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of diethylphthalate •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one gal of bay oil, nf and either 50 avoirdupois oz of quinine sulfate, usp, 50 avoirdupois oz of quinine bisulfate, nf, or 200 avoirdupois oz of sodium salicylate, usp •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one and one-half avoirdupois oz of brucine (alkaloid), or brucine sulfate (nf, ix), or quassin, or one and one-half av oz of any combination of two or of three of those denaturants, and 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one lb of sucrose octa-acetate and 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: one-sixteenth avoirdupois oz of denatonium benzoate, nf, (bitrex) and 18 gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: three gal of tertiary butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: eighty g of potassium iodide, usp and 109 g of red mercuric iodide, nf or 95 g of thimerosal, nf or 76 g of any of the following: phenyl mercuric nitrate, nf; phenyl mercuric chloride, nf; or phenyl mercuric benzoate •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: ten gal of n-butyl alcohol •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: three hundred lb of refined white or orange shellac •to every 100 gal of ethyl alcohol add: 25 fluid oz of phenol, usp and 4 fluid oz of wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), usp •grades of purity: anhydrous (200 proof); 190 proof •preparations: alcohol & dextrose injectio, usp; ethanol for disinfection; evaporating lotion; high alcoholic elixir; iso-alcoholic elixir; low alcoholic elixir; spirit ear-drops | |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | ethanol |
| Trivial Name | Ethanol |
| Short Description | ethyl alcohol |
| Formula | C2 H6 O |
| CAS Number | 64-17-5 |
| FEMA Number | 2419 |
| Flavis Number | 2.078 |
| ECHA Number | 200-578-6 |
| FDA UNII | 3K9958V90M |
| Beilstein Number | 1718733 |
| MDL | MFCD00003568 |
| COE Number | 11891 |
| xLogP3-AA | -0.10 (est) |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 41 ethanol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 64-17-5 ; ETHYL ALCOHOL |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 46.069019317627 |
| Specific gravity | 0.772 - 0.786 @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 6.424 to 6.54 |
| Refractive Index | 1.31 to 1.36 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -115 to -114°C @ 760 mm HG |
| Boiling Point | 78 to 79°C @ 760 mm HG |
| Boiling Point | 22 to 23°C @ 50 mm HG |
| Vapor Pressure | 44.6 mm HG @ 20 °C |
| Vapor Density | 1.59 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 9.44 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | -0.19 |
| Solubility | |
| water, 7.921e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Alcoholic | |
| alcoholic, ethereal, medicinal | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | < 1 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| General comment | At 100.00 %. strong alcoholic ethereal medical |
| VCF-online.nl | Alcohol, floral, ripe apple, sweet |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Other purposes | Solvents |
| Cosmetic purposes | Antifoaming agents, Antimicrobial agents, Astringents, Fragrance, Solvents, Viscosity controlling agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| F - Highly flammable. | |
| R 11 - Highly flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 7060 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 16, Pg. 718, 1970. intravenous-rat LD50 1440 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 60, 1971. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 3600 mg/kg Pharmacology: International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 2, Pg. 27, 1969. oral-rabbit LD50 6300 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 130, 1955. intravenous-rabbit LD50 2374 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. intraperitoneal-rabbit LD50 963 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. oral-mouse LD50 3450 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 32(3), Pg. 31, 1967. intravenous-mouse LD50 1973 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 128, 1955. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 528 mg/kg Strahlentherapie. Vol. 127, Pg. 245, 1965. intravenous-cat LDLo 3945 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 130, 1955. oral-cat LDLo 6000 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: GASTRITIS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS LIVER: "HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), DIFFUSE" Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 56, Pg. 117, 1936. intravenous-chicken LDLo 8216 mg/kg VASCULAR: OTHER CHANGES Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 60, Pg. 312, 1937. oral-child LDLo 2000 mg/kg LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Archiv fuer Toxikologie. Vol. 17, Pg. 183, 1958. oral-child TDLo 14400 mg/kg/30 LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: COMA GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. Vol. 74, Pg. 977, 1985. intraperitoneal-dog LDLo 3000 mg/kg British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol. 1, Pg. 207, 1944. intravenous-dog LDLo 1600 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 60, 1971. oral-dog LDLo 5500 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 130, 1955. parenteral-frog LDLo 36000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 50, Pg. 296, 1935. intraperitoneal-guinea pig LD50 3414 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. oral-guinea pig LD50 5560 mg/kg Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941. intraperitoneal-hamster LD50 5068 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. oral-human LDLo 1400 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 44, 1974. intraperitoneal-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 4300 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 13, Pg. 358, 1968. oral-man TDLo 1430 ug/kg BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 197, Pg. 488, 1976. oral-man TDLo 3371 uL/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) Veterinary and Human Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 272, 1979. oral-man TDLo 50 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: ALTERATION IN GASTRIC SECRETION GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 56, Pg. 117, 1936. oral-man TDLo 700 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL TESTS Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. Vol. 8, Pg. 77, 1986. oral-man TDLo 22500 mg/kg/4W ENDOCRINE: OTHER CHANGES BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES Clinical Endocrinology Vol. 25, Pg. 143, 1986. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LDLo 20000 mg/kg "Alcohols: Their Chemistry, Properties and Manufacture," Monick, J.A., New York, Reinhold Book, 1968Vol. -, Pg. 72, 1968. subcutaneous-mouse LD50 8285 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 48A, Pg. 99, 1970. subcutaneous-chicken LDLo 5000 mg/kg "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. subcutaneous-dog LDLo 6000 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 130, 1955. subcutaneous-frog LDLo 7100 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 128, 1955. subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 20000 mg/kg Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 22, Pg. 651, 1980. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LC50 20000 ppm/10H Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 44, 1974. inhalation-mouse LC50 39000 mg/m3/4H Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 26(8), Pg. 53, 1982. inhalation-guinea pig LCLo 21900 ppm FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 48A, Pg. 99, 1970. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| carrier solvents/deluents for flavor and/or fragrance agents; extraction solvent | |||
| Recommendation for ethanol usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 1800.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1700.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 250.00000 | 450000.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | 1400.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 1000.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 2000.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 2000.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 230.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 2200.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | 30.00000 | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 1 (FGE.11Rev1) - Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 14, Revision 1 (FGE.14Rev1): Phenethyl alcohol, aldehyde, acetals, carboxylic acid and related esters from chemical group 15 and 22 [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 61, Revision 1 (FGE.61Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic acetals evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated aldehydes and one orthoester of formic acid evaluated View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 13Rev1: Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 2 (FGE.05Rev2): Branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of these with aliphatic saturated alcohols from chemical groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils Part I of III View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):64-17-5 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :702 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1170 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| ethanol |
| Chemidplus:0000064175 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:64-17-5 |