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maltol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | maltol |
| Trivial Name | Maltol |
| Short Description | 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyrone |
| Formula | C6 H6 O3 |
| CAS Number | 118-71-8 |
| FEMA Number | 2656 |
| Flavis Number | 7.014 |
| ECHA Number | 204-271-8 |
| FDA UNII | 3A9RD92BS4 |
| Nikkaji Number | J2.910F |
| Beilstein Number | 0112169 |
| MDL | MFCD00006578 |
| COE Number | 148 |
| xLogP3-AA | 0.40 (est) |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1480 maltol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 118-71-8 ; MALTOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 118-71-8 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 8369 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134974033 |
| Flavornet: | 118-71-8 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C11918 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB30776 |
| FooDB: | FDB002712 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01601 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2932.99.9090 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 126.11141967773 |
| Melting Point | 159 to 162°C @ 760 mm HG |
| Boiling Point | 205 to 205°C @ 760 mm HG |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.001125 mm HG @ 24 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 115.56 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 0.09 |
| Shelf life | 24 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| benzyl alcohol | Yes |
| chloroform | Yes |
| glycerin, 1.2% in glycerin | Yes |
| NaOH solutions yielding CO2 | Yes |
| phenoxyethanol | Yes |
| propylene glycol, 2.8% in propylene glycol | Yes |
| water, hot water | Yes |
| water, 1.09E+04 mg/L @ 15 °C (exp) | Yes |
| paraffin oil | No |
| isopropyl myristate | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Caramellic | |
| sweet, caramellic, cotton candy, jammy, fruity, bread baked, burnt, bready | |
| Odor strength | high , recommend smelling in a 5.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 372 hour(s) at 20.00 % in benzyl alcohol |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1996) | At 5.00 % in benzyl alcohol. sweet, caramel, cotton candy, jam, fruity, baked bread |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 17, No. 4, 33, (1992) | Sweet, caramellic, cotton candy, jammy fruity, burnt with bready nuances |
| VCF-online.nl | Baked, butterscotch, caramel, cotton candy, malt, roasted bread, roasted nut, sweet |
| Flavor Type: Caramellic | |
| sweet, cotton candy, caramellic, jammy, fruity, berry | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 17, No. 4, 33, (1992) | At 100.00 ppm. Sweet, cotton candy, caramellic, with jammy fruity and berry notes |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Allspice, Amber, Bayberry, Bread baked bread, Butterscotch, Cherry, Coconut, Coffee, Cotton candy, Fig, Fir balsam, Gingerbread, Graham cracker, Mulberry, Papaya, Peach, Pina colada, Pineapple, Pizza, Plum, Pumpkin pie, Raspberry, Root beer, Spice, Strawberry, Valerian, Vanilla |
| Flavoring purposes | Brandy, Caramel, Chicory root, Chocolate cocoa, Cola, Molasses, Sugar brown sugar, Valerian |
| Other purposes | Fruit jam |
| Cosmetic purposes | Fragrance, Tonic |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/39 - Wear suitable clothing and eye/face protection. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system, H335 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |  |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H302 - Harmful if swallowed H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H335 - May cause respiratory irritation | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 - Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 - Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P321 - Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on this label). P330 - Rinse mouth. P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P403 + P233 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P405 - Store locked up. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 1410 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 44A, Pg. 56, 1967. oral-rabbit LD50 1620 mg/kg Dow Chemical Company Reports. Vol. -, Pg. -, 1967. oral-mouse LD50 550 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 44A, Pg. 56, 1967. oral-guinea pig LD50 1410 mg/kg Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 38, Pg. 213, 1975. oral-chicken LD50 3720 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 841, 1975. subcutaneous-mouse LD50 820 mg/kg Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 22, Pg. 1008, 1974. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for maltol usage levels up to: | |||
| 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 3060.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 2898.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | II | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 107.00000 | 320.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 78.00000 | 182.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 70.00000 | 350.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | 53.00000 | 192.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | 0.40000 | 18.00000 | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | 121.00000 | 287.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 112.00000 | 244.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | 6.00000 | 31.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | 15.00000 | 15.00000 | |
| meat products: | 0.10000 | 0.10000 | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | 114.00000 | 267.00000 | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | 0.30000 | 0.40000 | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 213: alpha,beta-Unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.7 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
| List of apha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones representative of FGE.19 substances for Genotoxicity Testing [1] - Statement of the Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 83, Revision 1 (FGE.83Rev1): Consideration of ethyl maltol and two 6-keto-1,4-dioxane derivatives substances evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 73, Revision 3 (FGE.73Rev3): Consideration of alicyclic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters evaluated by JECFA (59th and 63rd meeting) structurally related to primary saturated or unsaturated alicyclic alcohols, aldehydes, acids and esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.12Rev4 (2013) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 5 (FGE.09Rev5): Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol derivative from chemical group 25 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 87, Revision 2 (FGE.87Rev2): Consideration of bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to bicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.47Rev1 (2008) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 213, Revision 2 (FGE.213Rev2): Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.7 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
| Safety and efficacy of maltol belonging to chemical group 12 when used as flavouring for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):118-71-8 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8369 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyran-4-one |
| Chemidplus:0000118718 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:UQ1050000 for cas# 118-71-8 |