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furfuryl alcohol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | furfuryl alcohol |
| Trivial Name | Furfuryl alcohol |
| Short Description | 2-furanmethanol |
| Formula | C5 H6 O2 |
| CAS Number | 98-00-0 |
| FEMA Number | 2491 |
| Flavis Number | 13.019 |
| ECHA Number | 202-626-1 |
| FDA UNII | D582054MUH |
| Nikkaji Number | J3.578E |
| Beilstein Number | 0106291 |
| MDL | MFCD00003252 |
| COE Number | 2023 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 451 furfuryl alcohol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 98-00-0 ; FURFURYL ALCOHOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| furan-2-ylmethanol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 98-00-0 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 7361 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134970818 |
| Flavornet: | 98-00-0 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C20441 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB13742 |
| FooDB: | FDB012558 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2932.13.0000 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food: | Read Report |
| Formulations/Preparations: grade: technical, refined. | |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 98.101219177246 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 9.386 to 9.461 |
| Refractive Index | 1.476 to 1.487 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -29 to -28°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 169 to 171°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 96 to 97°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.009 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 3.4 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 65 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 0.28 |
| Shelf life | 12 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 2.21e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Bready | |
| alcoholic, chemical, musty, sweet, caramellic, bready, coffee, sulfurous, estery, brown | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 44 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1997) | At 100.00 %. alcoholic chemical musty sweet caramel bread coffee |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 2, 69, (1990) | Sulfuraceous estery chemical, musty, sweet, brown caramellic, bready and coffee |
| Flavor Type: Burnt | |
| burnt, sweet, caramellic, brown | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 2, 69, (1990) | At 50.00 ppm. Burnt, sweet, caramellic, brown |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Hawthorn |
| Flavoring purposes | Bacon, Beer, Brandy, Bread, Caramel, Chocolate cocoa, Coffee, Malt, Molasses, Sugar brown sugar |
| Cosmetic purposes | Not used anymore |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 177 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(6), Pg. 73, 1990. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 650 mg/kg Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 64, 1974. intravenous-rabbit LD50 650 mg/kg Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 8, Pg. 294, 1949. oral-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 360 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 39(4), Pg. 86, 1974. oral-mouse LD50 160 mg/kg Biochemical Journal. Vol. 34, Pg. 1196, 1940. unreported-mouse LD50 338 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(6), Pg. 73, 1990. unreported-rabbit LD50 632 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(6), Pg. 73, 1990. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 400 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 280, 1969. subcutaneous-rat LD50 85 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 280, 1969. skin-rat LD50 3825 mg/kg Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 25(9), Pg. 52, 1981. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LC50 233 ppm/4H American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 19, Pg. 91, 1958. inhalation-mouse LCLo 597 ppm/6H "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 280, 1969. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavoring agents | |||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | |||
| Insufficient data | |||
| View the IFRA Standard | |||
| Recommendation for furfuryl alcohol usage levels up to: | |||
| PROHIBITED: Should not be used as a fragrance ingredient. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 180.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 24.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | II | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 110.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 19.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 10.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 88.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 88.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 59.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 13 (FGE.13); Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 66 (FGE.66)[1]:Consideration of furfuryl alcohol and related flavouring substances evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) structurally related to Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side chain substituents and heteroatoms evaluated by EFSA in FGE.13 (2005) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 218: alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes and precursors from subgroup 4.2 of FGE.19: Furfural derivatives - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 13Rev1: Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 View page or View pdf |
| Consideration of sulfur-substituted furan derivatives used as flavouring agents evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to a subgroup of substances within the group of Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.13Rev1 (2009) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 67 (FGE.67): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 218, Revision 1 (FGE.218Rev1): alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes and precursors from subgroup 4.2 of FGE.19: Furfural derivatives. View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 13, Revision 2 (FGE.13Rev2): Furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 66, Revision 1 (FGE.66Rev1): Consideration of Furfuryl Alcohol and Related Flavouring Substances Evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 1 (FGE.67Rev.1): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf |
| Safety and efficacy of furfuryl and furan derivatives belonging to chemical group 14 when used as flavourings for all animal species and categories View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 13 Revision 3 (FGE.13Rev3): furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):98-00-0 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7361 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 2874 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| furan-2-ylmethanol |
| Chemidplus:0000098000 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:98-00-0 |