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acetone alcohol

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name acetone alcohol
Trivial Name Hydroxyacetone
Short Description hydroxyacetone
Formula C3 H6 O2
CAS Number 116-09-6
FEMA Number 4462
Flavis Number 7.169
ECHA Number 204-124-8
FDA UNII 7I7YM0835W
Nikkaji Number J2.470H
Beilstein Number 0605368
MDL MFCD00004669
COE Number 11101
xLogP3-AA -0.70 (est)
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1945 hydroxyacetone
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 116-09-6 ; HYDROXYACETONE
Synonyms
  • acetol
  • acetol natural
  • acetol natural 1% in ethyl alcohol
  • acetol natural 5% in ethyl alcohol
  • acetomethanol
  • acetone, 1-hydroxy-
  • acetyl carbinol
  • acetyl methanol
  • acetylcarbinol
  • acetylmethanol
  • 1-hydroxy-2-propanone
  • 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (acetol)
  • 1-hydroxy-propan-2-one
  • hydroxyacetone
  • 1-hydroxyacetone
  • a- hydroxyacetone
  • hydroxymethyl methyl ketone
  • 1-hydroxypropan-2-one
  • hydroxypropanone
  • methylketol
  • 1-oxidanylpropan-2-one
  • 2-oxo propan-1-ol
  • 2-oxo propanol
  • 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy-
  • 2-keto propyl alcohol
  • 2-oxo propyl alcohol
  • pyruvic alcohol
  • pyruvinalcohol
  • rongal 5242
  • 1-hydroxypropan-2-one
  • 2-Propanone, 1-hydroxy-
  • 2-Propanone, hydroxy-
  • 1-Hydroxy-2-propanone
  • Methanol, acetyl-
  • 1-Hydroxyacetone
  • 2-Oxopropanol
  • α-Hydroxyacetone
  • NSC 102497
  • 1-Hydroxy-2-acetone

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

1-hydroxypropan-2-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:116-09-6
Pubchem (cid):8299
Pubchem (sid):134975366
Publications by Info
Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
Publications by US Patents
3,952,024 - Furfurylthioacetone
Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines
Publications by PubMed
Aspirin
(13)C metabolic flux analysis-guided metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for improved acetol production from glycerol
Production of acetol from glycerol using engineered Escherichia coli
Measurement of acetol in serum
Isopropanol poisoning
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance acetol production from glycerol
Risk evaluation of impurities in topical excipients: The acetol case
Identification of ethanol-inducible P-450 isozyme 3a as the acetone and acetol monooxygenase of rabbit microsomes
New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products - a systematic review
The quantitative determination of acetol
Conversion of methylglyoxal to acetol by Escherichia coli aldo-keto reductases
Imidazole acetol phosphate aminotransferase in Zymomonas mobilis: molecular genetic, biochemical, and evolutionary analyses
The metabolism of acetol phosphate. II. 1,2-Propanediol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase
Acetone and acetol inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes
The anticonvulsant activity of acetone, the major ketone body in the ketogenic diet, is not dependent on its metabolites acetol, 1,2-propanediol, methylglyoxal, or pyruvic acid
The metabolism of acetone in rat
Organocatalytic synthesis of carbohydrates
Mechanisms non-enzymatic browning in orange juice during storage
Synthesis of Karrikinolide Using the Aldol-Type Acetal Addition Reaction
Monitoring carbonyl-amine reaction and enolization of 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (Acetol) by FTIR spectroscopy
HUMAN'S BREATH DURING MODELED PROLONGED HYPODYNAMIA
Quantitation of acetol in common pharmaceutical excipients using LC-MS
The phosphorylation of acetol
Observations on blood acetol after administration of acetol, methyl alcohol, and formaldehyde to rabbits
Reduction of trioses by NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases. Aldose reductase, methylglyoxal, and diabetic complications
Thermal Cracking of Sugars for the Production of Glycolaldehyde and Other Small Oxygenates
Genome Scale Metabolic Model of the versatile methanotroph Methylocella silvestris
Molybdenum Dopped Copper Ferrites as Active Catalysts for Alcohols Oxidative Coupling
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Arylglyoxals and Hydroxyacetone: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-diones
Evolution of a Metal-Organic Framework into a Br?nsted Acid Catalyst for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein
The enzymatic oxidation of 1,2-propanediol phosphate to acetol phosphate
Catalytic function of the mycobacterial binuclear iron monooxygenase in acetone metabolism
Metabolism of methylglyoxal in microorganisms
Valorization of pyrolysis water: a biorefinery side stream, for 1,2-propanediol production with engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum
Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals
The in vitro production of a yellow-brown melanin-like pigment in the organic matrix of noncarious human tooth crowns by methylglyoxal and acetol
Metabolomic analysis of lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Actinobacterial Degradation of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Proceeds via Acetone and Formyl-CoA by Employing a Thiamine-Dependent Lyase Reaction
Controlling reaction pathways of selective C-O bond cleavage of glycerol
Activation of alternative metabolic pathways diverts carbon flux away from isobutanol formation in an engineered Escherichia coli strain
Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet
Microbial formation, biotechnological production and applications of 1,2-propanediol
Hydroxyacetone: A Glycerol-Based Platform for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation Processes
METHYL KETONE METABOLISM IN HYDROCARBON-UTILIZING MYCOBACTERIA
Catalytic cracking of model compounds of bio-oil over HZSM-5 and the catalyst deactivation
Bis(isopropyl-triphenyl-phospho-nium) di-?-iodido-bis-[iodidocopper(I)]
YqhD: a broad-substrate range aldehyde reductase with various applications in production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals
Reactive carbonyl species as key control point for optimization of reaction flavors
The production of 1,2-propanediol in ethanol treated rats
Alpha-hydroxyketones as inhibitors of urease
Production of 1,2-propanediol in photoautotrophic Synechocystis is linked to glycogen turn-over
[On the participation of acetol phosphate in the photo-phosphorylation in pea chloroplasts]
[On participation of acetol phosphate in fixation of carbon dioxide]
Structures and reaction mechanisms of glycerol dehydration over H-ZSM-5 zeolite: a density functional theory study
Ethanol oxidation and toxicity: role of alcohol P-450 oxygenase
A review of constituents identified in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols
Oxidations of p-alkoxyacylanilides catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 1A2: structure-activity relationships and simulation of rate constants of individual steps in catalysis
Up-regulation of aldolase A and methylglyoxal production in adipocytes
Lactobacillus demonstrate thiol-independent metabolism of methylglyoxal: Implications toward browning prevention in Parmesan cheese
Synthesis of orthogonally protected (2S)-2-amino-adipic acid (à-AAA) and (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyadipic acid (Ahad)
Screening of genes related to methylglyoxal susceptibility
Vibrational analysis of hydroxyacetone
What makes P450s work? Searches for answers with known and new P450s
[Methylglyoxal--test for biological dysfunctions of homeostasis and endoecology, low cytosolic glucose level, and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids]
Synthesis and antiviral activity of C-fluoro-branched cyclopropyl nucleosides
The production of formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in methacrolein photooxidation: New insights into mechanism and effects of water vapor
Enantioselective and solvent-controlled diastereoselective Mannich reaction of isatin imines with hydroxyacetone: synthesis of 3-substituted 3-aminooxindoles
Methylglyoxal resistance in Bacillus subtilis: contributions of bacillithiol-dependent and independent pathways
Measurement of atmospheric hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, and formaldehyde
[Quantitative determination of acetol, with special reference to its formation in alkaline sugar decomposition]
Characterization of the key aroma compounds in pork soup stock by using an aroma extract dilution analysis
Metabolomics approach reveals annual metabolic variation in roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan based on gas chromatography-mass spectrum
Engineering a cyanobacterium as the catalyst for the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to 1,2-propanediol
Molecular cloning and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe his3 gene for use as a selectable marker
Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic acidosis
Organocatalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of hydroxyacetone with ?,?-unsaturated à-keto esters: facile access to chiral tertiary alcohols
Non-invasive assessment of culture media from goat cloned embryos associated with subjective morphology by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis
Mechanisms of acrylamide formation: Maillard-induced transformation of asparagine
Stability of intermediates in the glycerol hydrogenolysis on transition metal catalysts from first principles
Interaction of acetone, hydroxyacetone, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde with the surface of water ice and HNO3ú3H2O ice
Citric acid inhibits development of cataracts, proteinuria and ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats
Combination treatment of epilepsy with ketogenic diet and concurrent pharmacological inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1
Rate-determining steps in phenacetin oxidations by human cytochrome P450 1A2 and selected mutants
N(delta)-(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-yl)-l-ornithine, a novel methylglyoxal-arginine modification in beer
Determination of Chemical Compounds Generated from Second-generation E-cigarettes Using a Sorbent Cartridge Followed by a Two-step Elution Method
The metabolism of acetol phosphate. I. Synthesis, properties and enzymic reduction
Mixed-function supraoperons that exhibit overall conservation, albeit shuffled gene organization, across wide intergenomic distances within eubacteria
Mechanism of formation of sulphur aroma compounds from l-ascorbic acid and l-cysteine during the Maillard reaction
Furfural from Pine Needle Extract Inhibits the Growth of a Plant Pathogenic Fungus, Alternaria mali
Purification and properties of a NAD-linked 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase from propane-grown Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL B-1244
Understanding non-enzymatic aminophospholipid glycation and its inhibition. Polar head features affect the kinetics of Schiff base formation
An amine: hydroxyacetone aminotransferase from Moraxella lacunata WZ34 for alaninol synthesis
Biosynthesis of terpenes. Preparation of (E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enyl 4-diphosphate, an intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway
Structural studies of the catalytic reaction pathway of a hyperthermophilic histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase
Acetone metabolism in humans during diabetic ketoacidosis
Preparation of (R)- and (S)-propylene glycol with baker's yeast
Valorization of Rhizoclonium sp. algae via pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis
Phosphoenolpyruvate- and ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism
Absolute rate coefficient of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydroxyacetone: investigating the effects of temperature and pressure
Reductive metabolism of AGE precursors: a metabolic route for preventing AGE accumulation in cardiovascular tissue
Inactivation of cellular enzymes by carbonyls and protein-bound glycation/glycoxidation products
Production and interconversion of 1,2-propanediol and hydroxyacetone by Escherichia coli
Oxo-vanadium as a spin probe for the investigation of the metal coordination environment of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase
L-Aspartate semialdehyde and a 6-deoxy-5-ketohexose 1-phosphate are the precursors to the aromatic amino acids in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
The metabolism of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by microsomes and hepatocytes from Fischer 344 rats
Methylglyoxal production in vascular smooth muscle cells from different metabolic precursors
Acetone catabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1: studies with CYP2E1-null mice
Glucose formation from methylglyoxal in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: the effect of insulin
Methylglyoxal and the polyol pathway. Three-carbon compounds are substrates for sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase
Divergent metabolic pathways for propane and propionate utilization by a soil isolate
Amidic and acetonic cryoprotectants improve cryopreservation of volvocine green algae
In-depth mechanistic study on the formation of acrylamide and other vinylogous compounds by the maillard reaction
Thermal decomposition of specifically phosphorylated D-glucoses and their role in the control of the Maillard reaction
NMR-spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach to the analysis of Bay41-4109, a novel anti-HBV compound, induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Carbohydrate and amino acid degradation pathways in L-methionine/D-[13C] glucose model systems
Reactivity of epicatechin in aqueous glycine and glucose maillard reaction models: quenching of C2, C3, and C4 sugar fragments
Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over a CuCr(2) O(4) Catalyst
Copolymer-supported heterogeneous organocatalyst for asymmetric aldol addition in aqueous medium
Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents
Formation of flavor components by the reaction of amino acid and carbonyl compounds in mild conditions
Hydroxylation of acetone by ethanol- and acetone-inducible cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes and reconstituted membranes
Structures of Escherichia coli histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase and its complexes with histidinol-phosphate and N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-glutamate: double substrate recognition of the enzyme
Volatile composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) commercial teas through solid phase extraction
Synthesis, binding properties, and 18F labeling of fluorocarazolol, a high-affinity beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist
Activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from Ginkgo biloba, on Pneumocystis carinii
Amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reactions: a bioorganic approach to catalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions
Net glucose production from acetone in isolated murine hepatocytes. The effect of different pretreatments of mice
Formation of the reduced form of furaneol? (2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-3-one) during the Maillard reaction through catalysis of amino acid metal salts
Selective production of 1,2-propylene glycol from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using Ni-W(2) C/AC catalysts
Hydrogen-driven asymmetric reduction of hydroxyacetone to (R)-1,2-propanediol by Ralstonia eutropha transformant expressing alcohol dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis
Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose
Purification and characterization of the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from recombinant Escherichia coli
Overexpression of glyoxalase-I in bovine endothelial cells inhibits intracellular advanced glycation endproduct formation and prevents hyperglycemia-induced increases in macromolecular endocytosis
Cellulose conversion with tungstated-alumina-based catalysts: influence of the presence of platinum and mechanistic studies
[Methylglyoxal--a test for impaired biological functions of exotrophy and endoecology, low glucose level in the cytosol and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids (a lecture)]
Yeast fermentation of carboxylic acids obtained from pyrolytic aqueous phases for lipid production
Secondary organic aerosol formation during evaporation of droplets containing atmospheric aldehydes, amines, and ammonium sulfate
The metabolism of acetone in the pregnant rat
Assignment of the Fundamental Modes of Hydroxyacetone Using Gas-Phase Infrared, Far-Infrared, Raman, and ab Initio Methods: Band Strengths for Atmospheric Measurements
Pyrolysis of inulin, glucose, and fructose
What is the antiseizure activity of acetone due to?
Molecular characterization and expression study of a histidine auxotrophic mutant (his1-) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia
Biochemical origins of lactaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
Reactivity of 1-deoxy-D-erythro-hexo-2,3-diulose: a key intermediate in the maillard chemistry of hexoses
Utilization of acetic acid-rich pyrolytic bio-oil by microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: reducing bio-oil toxicity and enhancing algal toxicity tolerance
The anticonvulsant activity of acetone does not depend upon its metabolites
Redox activation of galactose oxidase: thin-layer electrochemical study
Enzymatic metabolism of 3-deoxyglucosone, a Maillard intermediate
Characterization of primary thermal degradation features of lignocellulosic biomass after removal of inorganic metals by diverse solvents
Asymmetric self- and cross-aldol reactions of glycolaldehyde catalyzed by D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase
Evidence for a male-produced pheromone in Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Kinetic characteristics of ZENECA ZD5522, a potent inhibitor of human and bovine lens aldose reductase
A probable mixed-function supraoperon in Pseudomonas exhibits gene organization features of both intergenomic conservation and gene shuffling
Experimental evolution of a novel pathway for glycerol dissimilation in Escherichia coli
Small peptides catalyze highly enantioselective direct aldol reactions of aldehydes with hydroxyacetone: unprecedented regiocontrol in aqueous media
A comparison of the electrophilic reactivities of Zn2+ and acetic acid as catalysts of enolization: imperatives for enzymatic catalysis of proton transfer at carbon
Origin of carbohydrate degradation products in L-Alanine/D-[(13)C]glucose model systems
Two-directional elaboration of hydroxyacetone under thermodynamically controlled conditions: allylation or 2-propynylation and aldol reaction
Determination of optimum conditions for the analysis of volatile components in pine needles by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Oxyradical production results from the Fe3(+)-doxorubicin complex undergoing self-reduction by its alpha-ketol group
Reaction of HO with hydroxyacetone (HOCH2C(O)CH3): rate coefficients (233-363 K) and mechanism
[Sigmoid sinus thrombosis as a complication of otitis media]
Reduction of methylglyoxal in Escherichia coli K12 by an aldehyde reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase
Approaches to wine aroma: release of aroma compounds from reactions between cysteine and carbonyl compounds in wine
Purification and characterization of NADPH-dependent 2-oxoaldehyde reductase from porcine liver. A self-defence enzyme preventing the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction
An enzyme common to histidine and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis
Mutagenicity of methylglyoxal in coffee
Isotope effect studies of the chemical mechanism of pig heart NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase
Asymmetric syn-selective direct aldol reaction of protected hydroxyacetone catalyzed by primary amino acid derived bifunctional organocatalyst in the presence of water
Desmutagenic effect of alpha-dicarbonyl and alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines
Identification of hexose hydrolysis products in metabolic flux analytes: a case study of levulinic acid in plant protein hydrolysate
Matrix-isolation study and ab initio calculations of the structure and spectra of hydroxyacetone
Responses to insulin by two forms of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 that undergo major (RLM6) and minor (RLM5b) elevations in diabetes
Purification and characterization of an enzyme that has dihydroxyacetone-reducing activity from methanol-grown Hansenula ofunaensis
First synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 4'-methyl-cyclopentanyl 9-deazaadenosine
A highly purified enrichment culture couples the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to growth
Modulation of CD3- large granular lymphocyte functions by agonist and antagonists of protein kinase C: effects on NK and lymphokine-activated killer activity and production of IFN-gamma
Immunochemical quantitation of thymine glycol in oxidized and X-irradiated DNA

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C05235
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB06961
FooDB:FDB012041
Export Tariff Code:2914.49.5000
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
FAO:Hydroxyacetone

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 74.079223632812
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 9.02 to 9.07
Refractive Index 1.42 to 1.426 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 145 to 146°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 1.914 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 56.11 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -0.78 est
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Caramellic
pungent, sweet, caramellic, ethereal
General comment At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. pungent sweet caramellic ethereal
Flavor Type: Sweet
sweet, green, burnt
General comment Sweet slightly green burnt

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2200 mg/kg
(Smyth & Carpenter, 1948)

oral-rat LD50 2200 mg/kg
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 30, Pg. 63, 1948.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for acetone alcohol usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.22 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 1600 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 24
Click here to view publication 24
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: 0.002001.50000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 2.0000010.00000
beverages(alcoholic): 4.0000020.00000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: 0.001000.80000
confectionery froastings: 0.002001.50000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: 4.0000020.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 0.002001.50000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: 10.0000050.00000
jams / jellies: 0.001000.80000
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: 0.002001.50000
snack foods: --
soft candy: 10.0000050.00000
soups: 0.000400.30000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: 0.001000.80000
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 3.0000015.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 2.0000010.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 3.0000015.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): 2.0000010.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): 4.0000020.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 2.0000010.00000
Bakery wares (07.0): 5.0000025.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 1.000005.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): 1.000005.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): 2.0000010.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): 3.0000015.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 2.0000010.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 4.0000020.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 5.0000025.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): 2.0000010.00000

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 3 (FGE.10Rev3): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):116-09-6
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8299
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1224
WGK Germany:1
1-hydroxypropan-2-one
Chemidplus:0000116096
RTECS:UC2800000 for cas# 116-09-6