3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid

3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid, also known by its IUPAC name 3-(1-methylethenyl)pentanedioic acid, is an organic dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula C₈H₁₀O₄. It appears as a colorless compound and is noted for its savory roasted cooked odor profile at 10% dilution in dipropylene glycol. This compound is listed under several synonyms, including 3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pentanedioic acid and glutaric acid, 3-isopropenyl-. It is indexed in public chemical databases such as PubChem providing comprehensive structure and safety information. Sourced primarily via synthetic organic chemistry routes, 3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid is utilized in food flavoring applications rather than fragrance. Its stable chemical structure and unique sensory characteristics support its role as a specialty flavor additive.

3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid is not widely found in natural biological systems but is synthetically produced for use as a flavoring agent within the food industry. Its savory cooked roasted odor makes it particularly applicable in flavor formulations where enhancement of meat, roasted, or umami notes is desired. Usage levels have been evaluated by FEMA (US), where it holds FEMA number 4352 indicating its recognized role as a flavor substance. The compound is incorporated into various product categories such as chewing gum and soft candy, respecting regulation-based maximum usage limits. The JECFA (Global) also includes this compound under reference number 1620, supporting its qualification and safety assessment in globalization contexts for food additives.

3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid exhibits stable physicochemical characteristics that influence its practical use in flavor formulations. It has a molecular weight of approximately 170.16 g/mol and a moderate log P value of about 0.68 (estimated), indicating low to moderate lipophilicity and potential solubility in both aqueous and organic phases. The compound boiling point ranges narrowly between 297 and 299°C at standard atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and it shows very low vapor pressure at 25°C, around 4.5 × 10^-5 mmHg, which suggests limited volatility and contributes to its persistence in formulations. Water solubility is estimated at approximately 18,680 mg/L at 25°C, facilitating its dissolution in aqueous systems. The flash point near 329°F (165°C) underlines its chemical stability and non-flammable nature at ambient or formulation conditions. These properties collectively support its use in stable flavor matrices without significant loss through volatilization or degradation.

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB32352
FooDB:	FDB009649
ChemSpider:	View

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for 3-isopropenyl pentane dioic acid usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 23
Click here to view publication 23
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	-
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	-
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		0.20000	1.00000
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	-
fruit ices:		-	-
gelatins / puddings:		-	-
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		0.10000	0.50000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		0.20000	1.00000
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

EPI System: View

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :71586903

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)pentanedioic acid

Chemidplus:0006839754